DEVELOPMENT OF EXPERIMENTAL METHODOLOGY OF THE TRAINING PROCESS OF QUALIFIED FEMALE ATHLETES (NOMINATION OF FITNESS MODELS) DURING THE TRANSITION PERIOD

Abstract

The aim of the article was to develop and substantiate an experimental methodology for the training process of qualified female athletes, fitness model nomination during the transition period. The research was conducted in fitness clubs: “Pheromon”, “Pulse Press” and “Metalist” of Kharkiv, and qualified female bodybuilders of the fitness model nomination of the “Kharkiv Federation of Bodybuilding and Fitness” also participated. During the experiment, 20 female athletes engaged in bodybuilding in the “fitness model” nomination were involved. Among them, 4 participants had the title of candidate for master of sports, and 16 had the first sports category. The age of the participants was 20–22 years, the average body weight varied within 52.0±2.2 – 57.0±2.4 kg. For the study, the female athletes were divided into two groups according to their sports qualifications: control and experimental. The control group trained four times a week, while the experimental group trained three times a week. A feature of the training process of female athletes in the transition period is the low percentage of using small weights. In the recovery mesocycle, the experimental group (EG) used weights within 30–40%, while in the control group (CG) this figure was 60–70%, which indicates a significant difference in approaches. In the recovery-maintenance mesocycle, weights in the EG were 50–60%, and in the CG – 70–80%. The developed training process methodology ensured the achievement of the required level of athletic physique, contributing to an increase in high-quality muscle mass without excessive impact on adaptive and compensatory mechanisms. This approach also contributed to a decrease in the amount of subcutaneous water, which was confirmed by statistically significant results. In the transitional period of the recovery stage, a body weight gain of 6.59 kg was recorded in the CG, while in the EG this figure was 3.66 kg (t=2.59; p<0.05). In addition, significant changes were found in the hip circumference (t=2.41; p<0.05), the circumference of the chest during inhalation and exhalation (t=2.53 and t=3.08, respectively; p<0.05). Particularly significant changes were recorded in the waist circumference: in the CG the increase was 5.28 cm, while in the EG – only 2.25 cm (t=3.65; p<0.01).