DERIVATIVES OF THE CATEGORY OF INSTRUMENTALITY AND THEIR MOTIVATIONAL FEATURES IN LANGUAGE

Abstract

The article considers with word-forming innovations of the category of instrumental in the cognitive aspect, which have some motivational basis. This category is not the most productive among noun word-forming categories, but it is marked by the presence of significant number of derivatives with associative-comparative motivation. Within the category itself, derivatives of motivational-word-forming and structural-word-forming features are considered separately. The material of this article are dictionaries of word-forming innovations, compiled by A. Neliuba (2008–2009, 20012–2013, 2014), works of art, media texts. Considering derivatives of instrumental category, three groups are identified: 1) derivatives to denote a authorship, “inventor” of an instrument, 2) derivatives with an indication of some purpose (performed action) of an instrument, 3) derivatives-carriers of distinguishing feature of an instrument. Describing the first group “Authorship” and the origin of an instruments, it is noted that common to the derivatives of this group is the element of meaning of that is a seme “performer of action”. The phenomenon of transition of such names of a figure to a tool by that it acts, carries out the corresponding work is widespread. Among the derivativesinnovations with associative-comparative motivation there is a significant number of names in which the authorship of the name is recorded in the name itself. Basically, the fixators of authorship are names of persons, and derivatives themselves denote various objects: clothing, food, household items, devices and mechanisms. According to the second group “Purpose or performed action of instruments”, among derivatives of this group on semantic basis, the author identifies two subgroups of instrumental: instruments by performed action and locatives by purpose. The motivational bases of the derivatives of the second group have a figurative (associative-comparative) meaning, it follows that associativity and comparison are preserved in derivative derivatives. Understanding the meaning of a derivative is entirely determined by the context. The variety of instrumental derivatives of the third group “Distinctive feature of an instrument” is the most diverse in terms of number of derivatives and types of instruments. Among them there are items denoting food and beverages, vehicles, clothing, works, devices. A significant number of other varieties are not represented by a large number of examples with derivatives. Motivational associativity and comparability of derivatives of this group are embodied in different ways. Analyzing examples for every group of formed derivatives and the variety of motives of derivatives, separate thematic groups are selected. The creative bases of all thematic groups are characterized, their motivational relation and motivational connections as a basis of associative motivation of a new work in language are described. The cognitive basis of the associative motivation of derivatives of category of instrumental is revealed.