ACADEMIC STUDIES. SERIES “HUMANITIES”

NATURALISM IN LITERATURE AND SCIENTIFIC SOCIOLOGY AT THE END OF THE 19TH CENTURY: MUTUAL INFLUENCE

A. V. KOLESNYK — 2025-12-31

The relationship between literary works of the naturalist period and sociological issues of the late 19th century is analyzed in the article. It is determined that Ukrainian sociologists of the late 19th century and Ukrainian naturalist writers knew each other and were also acquainted with Ivan Franko, the leading figure in Ukrainian society at the time and the founder of the naturalist style in Ukraine. This allows us to establish a connection between literature and the scientific understanding of social reality in the late 19th century. The study reveals the close connection between the work of Ukrainian natural science writers and key tenets of sociological scholarship of that time, as well as the connections between these individuals – Ivan Franko, Mykhailo Dragomanov, Mykhailo Hrushevsky, Bohdan Kostyakovsky, Kost’ Srokovsky, Mykhailo Mohylyansky, Stefan Kovaliv. Their interactions were constant, capturing the most complex instances of social interactions. We also see the constant influence of these individuals on one another, shaping the views of both sociologists and writers. An analysis of the sociological situation allowed us to think about the influence of naturalism on the development of sociology in Ukraine in the second half of the 19th century. The naturalistic methods used by Ukrainian naturalist writers, especially photographic and documentary reproduction, are, on the one side, fully consistent with the methods of sociological science, which are focused on exposing the greatest challenges of Ukrainians’ daily existence – the lack of money, unpaid labor, and the resulting deterioration of relationships with employers. On the other hand, literary works are becoming an archival source for modern researchers not only in the field of sociology, but also in the field of history and ethnography.

THE LINGUISTIC PICTURE OF THE WORLD IN KLAVA KORETSKA’S CHILDREN'S WORKS ON MILITARY AND PATRIOTIC THEMES

M. I. MARTYNIUK — 2025-12-31

The article examines the peculiarities of the linguistic picture of the world in the children's works of contemporary Ukrainian writer Klava Koretska on military and patriotic themes in the context of the first phase of the Russian-Ukrainian war. The relevance of this scientific research is determined by the growing role of children's literature as an important factor in the formation of national self-awareness, linguistic worldview, and value orientations of young readers in conditions of social upheaval. The theoretical part summarizes contemporary linguistic approaches to the concept of the linguistic picture of the world, its connection with the national mentality, cultural memory, and artistic discourse, and outlines the specifics of its implementation in children's literature. The main focus is on the analysis of the poetry collection “Little Ukrainian Angel” (2016) and the parable-like fairy tale “The Brave Warrior” from the collection “Celestial Flowers”, (2018) in which the reality of war is interpreted through the prism of a child's perception and reinterpretation of the world. Key lexical-semantic fields and concepts (Ukraine, war, hero, boy, angel, grandmother) are identified, and their role in the formation of a humanistic, nationally marked linguistic picture of the world is determined. It has been demonstrated that the author deliberately avoids traumatic depictions of war, employing symbols, metaphors, euphemisms, diminutive-affectionate forms, and simple syntactic structures, which ensure the psychological safety of the child reader. It has been established that heroism in Klava Koretska's works is interpreted not only as a military deed, but also as moral responsibility, empathy and inner strength. The linguistic picture of the world in her children's texts appears as a coherent multi-level system that combines artistic imagery, linguistic simplicity, and educational potential. The scientific novelty of the study lies in a comprehensive analysis of the military-patriotic linguistic picture of the world in Klava Koretska's children's works, that allows for a deeper understanding of the role of language in wartime and its significance for the formation of children's national identity. The final touch to the scientific research was a literary silhouette of the writer Klava Koretska, viewed through the lens of the issue under investigation”.

VOLYN MEDIA TEXTS IN WAR CONDITIONS: FEATURES OF THE USE OF MILITARY VOCALOID

T. V. NIKOLIUK — 2025-12-31

The article examines the functioning of military vocabulary in Volyn media texts in the context of the Russian-Ukrainian war. The peculiarities of the use of the terms “military strategy”, “state security” and their derivatives are analyzed. It is revealed that Ukrainian media represent military strategy as the protection of territorial integrity and sovereignty, while in the context of the Russian Federation this term acquires the meaning of terrorism and genocide, which is confirmed by quotes from international political figures. Special attention is paid to the emergence of a new nomination “protracted war”, which reflects the current stage of the Russian-Ukrainian confrontation. The tendency to contamination and simplification of complex terms (“state security”, “treason”, “state secret”, “General Staff”) is traced, which contributes to the brevity and accessibility of media texts for a wide audience. It is determined that military vocabulary in the Volyn media performs not only a nominative, but also an ideological and mobilization function, forming the discourse of war and consolidating society around the idea of protecting statehood. The transformation of primary concepts (“armed aggression”, “military threat”, “military security”) into secondary and derivative nominations that reflect new social and psychological realities of war, in particular “psychological aggression”, “threat of blackout”, “mine safety”, “nuclear safety”, etc., is analyzed. A tendency to expand the semantics of key terms and their adaptation to current challenges facing society is revealed. Particular attention is paid to the concepts of “information operation” and “information war”, which in modern media discourse acquire a negative connotation and are identified with disinformation, propaganda and cyber warfare. The active formation of new lexemes with the component "cyber" (cyber troops, cyber front, cyber partisans, cyberspace, etc.) that reflect new forms of confrontation in the digital sphere is traced. Particular attention is paid to the ambiguous reading of the lexeme "mobilization", which in the Ukrainian media in relation to Russia is marked as forced, absurd and fictitious, which is emphasized by the use of particles supposedly, as if, so-called and graphic highlighting with quotation marks. The emergence of a substandard form "mogilization" is revealed, which performs an expressive and evaluative function.

THE LINGUISTIC WORLDVIEW OF UKRAINIANS IN MATHEMATICS TEXTBOOKS OF THE FIRST THIRD OF THE 20TH CENTURY

A. A. TARAN — 2025-12-31

The article offers an analysis of the linguistic worldview of Ukrainians based on instructional texts from problem books for various types of schools authored by Ya. Chepiha, Ol. Astriab, and O. Stepovyk, published in the Dnieper region during the first third of the 20th century. The universal concept of the linguistic worldview is interpreted as a means of revealing knowledge about the world. It is established that each mathematical problem represents an experience of a specific situation and a cultural background into which students are immersed during their schooling. Particular attention is devoted to the vocabulary of the trade and economic sphere, as economic topics constituted an integral aspect of teaching mathematics. A thematic group of names denoting participants in trade and economic relations is identified, along with a subgroup of terms referring to persons engaged in resale for profit; their hyperonymic– hyponymic structure is systematically organized. It is observed that some of these lexical items are not codified and occur only in colloquial usage. The collected material also enables the identification of additional thematic groups: names of buildings, farm structures, and their parts (including the subgroup designating facilities for keeping domestic animals, poultry, and insects); names of constructions, equipment, machines and mechanisms, and their components that form the basis of transport; and names of land plots. Because agriculture has been a fundamental element of Ukrainian life since ancient times, the problems in school textbooks of the studied period also contain nouns denoting cereal crops. Within these thematic blocks, important oppositions are noted, such as threshed (grain) vs. unthreshed (unprocessed) cereal crops. It is concluded that the linguistic worldview reflected in the instructional texts represents a significant component of the national and cultural heritage of the Ukrainian people.

SEMANTICS AND FUNCTIONING OF ETIQUETTE FORMULAS IN THE EPISTOLARY OF WRITERS OF THE “EXECUTED RENAISSANCE”

M. H. SHLENOVA — 2025-12-31

The article provides a comprehensive linguistic and stylistic analysis of the semantics and functioning of etiquette formulas in the epistolary heritage of the “Executed Renaissance” representatives. The relevance of the study is driven by the need to reconstruct the linguistic behavior of Ukrainian intellectuals of the 1920s–1930s – a period when private correspondence remained one of the few spaces for preserving national identity and inner freedom amidst intensifying totalitarian pressure. The aim of the work is to identify the specific features of using traditional and individual-author etiquette constructions (forms of address, greetings, farewells, signatures) in the letters of Mykola Kulish, Mykola Khvylovyi, Oleksandr Dovzhenko, Volodymyr Svidzinskyi, and others. The study employs methods of contextual-interpretative and functional- semantic analysis, which allowed examining the epistolary as a unique ego-document that captures a living, uncensored linguistic element. It has been determined that the system of etiquette formulas in the analyzed texts goes beyond a purely phatic function (establishing contact). It is proven that this system acts as a powerful means of the author's self-presentation, a marker of communication intimization, and an instrument of psychological defense. The mechanisms of transforming customary etiquette models into idiostylistic neologisms are analyzed. It is established that the epistolary of the "Executed Renaissance" is characterized by a high variability of forms of address and signatures, which often take the form of an ironic game, literary mystification, or lyrical confession. Such linguistic gestures served as a way to preserve personal dignity and maintain mental distance from the official Soviet discourse. The conclusions emphasize that etiquette formulas in the letters of writers of this period are a crucial source for reproducing the linguistic worldview of the Ukrainian elite. They attest to a high culture of communication based on deep national traditions, intellectualism, and emotional sincerity. The study confirms that the epistolary heritage is a self-sufficient artistic and aesthetic phenomenon that requires further study within the context of the history of the Ukrainian literary language.

ANTHROPONYMOUS LEXICAN AS THE BASIS FOR CREATING NAMES OF UKRAINIAN PROTECTORS: ON THE MATERIAL OF THE LANGUAGE OF THE MEDIA

N. M. SHULSKA — 2025-12-31

The article is devoted to a comprehensive analysis of anthroponymic vocabulary as the basis for creating call signs of Ukrainian defenders in modern media discourse. It was found that anthroponyms play a decisive role in the formation of individualized names, as they provide a natural connection between the personal identity of the military and their new communicative role in wartime. Proper names, surnames and their associative transformations form a semantically rich, recognizable and stable basis for the emergence of heteronymous and semi-official call signs. Several productive groups of such names have been identified on the basis of modern military media discourse. These include call signs motivated by personal names and name associations. It is noted that proper personal names are one of the most active lexical bases for creating call signs, since official anthroponyms are immediately associated with their bearers, they often become a source of direct and stylized nomination. Callsigns that arose on the basis of borrowed English male and female names are differentiated. They are widespread in modern Ukrainian military communication, especially among the male anthroponymic. In the language of the media, frequent callsigns formed from official surnames demonstrate high derivational productivity due to rederivation, truncation, associative rethinking and other phonetic and word-forming modifications. A significant share is made up of callsigns created by associative rapprochement of the surname with lexemes familiar to the speaker. A separate group is formed by names built on the similarity to the names and surnames of famous figures, heroes of cinema, animation, folklore, biblical or mythical characters, reflecting individual style, humor or the desire to identify with heroic images of mass culture. The classification of call signs of this lexical layer confirms the multi-vector nature of the sources of nomination and reflects the national and cultural specificity of the modern Ukrainian anthroponymicon. It is concluded that together these processes demonstrate a complex semantic and motivational mechanism of call sign creation and their important socio-cultural function in wartime conditions.

IMPLICIT CONTRAST IN CONTEMPORARY UKRAINIAN WAR POETRY: A COGNITIVE-PRAGMATIC ANALYSIS

L. P. YULDASHEVA — 2025-12-31

The article examines implicit contrast as one of the key cognitive-pragmatic strategies in contemporary Ukrainian war poetry. Unlike explicit contrast, which relies on overtly marked oppositions (antithesis, oxymoron, contrastive connectors), implicit contrast is interpreted as a conflict of meanings that is not verbalized directly but emerges through the interaction of underlying semantic fields, intonational distortions, disrupted frame expectations, and the inversion of cultural scripts. The aim of the article is to theoretically define the notion of implicit contrast in contemporary Ukrainian war poetry, determine its place within the system of contrastive devices, and describe the cognitive, semantic, pragmatic, and intonational mechanisms underlying the formation of covert oppositions. The theoretical framework is grounded in works on pragmatics (H. Grice, R. Carston, L. Horn, S. Repp), cognitive linguistics (C. Fillmore, G. Lakoff, R. Langacker, G. Fauconnier, M. Turner), cognitive poetics and discourse theory (P. Stockwell, M. Gavins, R. Giora). Methodologically, the study integrates frame analysis, the theory of implicatures and explicatures, the concept of domains and cultural scripts, as well as a cognitive-poetic approach that accounts for the reader’s interpretative role as a bearer of cultural memory. Based on contemporary Ukrainian war poetry, the article demonstrates how implicit contrast arises from mismatches between denotational and contextual meaning (e.g., to liberate as a euphemism for destruction); from collisions between opposing domains (“summer without summer”, “home as war”, the “great” state as a “foul stain”); from intonational falsetto (ceremonial rhythm vs. criminal content); from scale disruption (stars vs. the taste of cigarettes); and from intertextual effects (“to burn hearts with the prophetic word”). The analysis shows that implicit contrast in war poetry unfolds within cognitive domains, background knowledge, and emotional memory, modelling the semantic truth of traumatic experience–experience that resists direct naming.

THE IMAGE OF THE “NEST” AS A SPACE OF AUTHENTICITY IN SAMAR YAZBEK’S NOVEL WHERE THE WIND CALLS HOME

S. V. RYBALKIN — 2025-12-31

The article analyzes the symbolic meaning of the image of the “nest” in the novel by the Syrian writer Samar Yazbek “Where the Wind Calls Home” (2021), as a space of authenticity, which is opposed to totalitarian violence and military destruction. The material for the study is the novel “Where the Wind Calls Home”, which represents the traumatic experience of the Syrian revolution and civil war. The object of the study is the topopoetics of Samar Yazbek’s novel; the subject is the semantics and functions of the image of the “nest” as an archetypal space in the structure of the artistic world of the work. The aim of the article is to reveal the multidimensionality of the image of Ali’s hut on the roof as a utopian locus that embodies resistance to the totalitarian system, the desire for freedom and the preservation of human dignity in conditions of existential crisis. The methodological basis of the study is the topopoetic approach, archetypal criticism, feminist literary theory and elements of the psychoanalytic method. Topopoetic analysis allows us to comprehend the spatial organization of the novel and the symbolic load of the “nest” locus. Archetypal criticism helps to reveal the universal meanings of the image of the nest as a primary refuge, a place of birth and rebirth. Feminist optics makes it possible to interpret the “nest” as a space of self-determination and resistance to patriarchal violence. The study demonstrates that Ali’s hut functions in the novel as a multi-valued symbol. Firstly, it is a utopian space, contrasting with the wartime reality of Syria – the town below is engulfed in chaos, violence and fear, while the roof represents vertical escape, the desire to rise above destruction. Secondly, the image of the nest actualizes archetypal meanings of security, maternal care and creativity – it is here that Ali draws, dreams, watches birds, and preserves his inner freedom. The connection with birds symbolizes the dialectic of freedom and captivity, reflecting the traumatic experience of the hero, who himself is in the “cage” of the totalitarian regime. The nest on the roof becomes a space of harmony with nature, a place of contemplation of the sky, clouds, trees, which maintains a connection with the cosmic order despite the anthropogenic catastrophe of war. The results of the study show that the image of the “nest” in Samar Yazbek’s novel is key to understanding the opposition of “vertical” and “horizontal” spaces, freedom and captivity, authenticity and violence. This image represents not only a physical shelter, but also an internal psychological space where human dignity and the possibility of dreaming are preserved. The article demonstrates how the spatial organization of the novel reflects the existential choice of the characters between surrendering to violence and preserving inner freedom.

MECHANISMS FOR IMPLEMENTING MANIPULATIVE STRATEGIES IN THE MEDIA SPACE: LINGUISTIC-PSYCHOLOGICAL DIMENSION

O. H. HUDZENKO — 2025-12-31

The article is devoted to a comprehensive analysis of the mechanisms of manipulative strategies in the modern media space from the perspective of a linguistic-psychological approach. The relevance of the study is determined by the growing intensity of information flows, the transformation of media communication, and the strengthening of hidden psychological influence on mass consciousness in the digital environment. The work considers manipulation as a purposeful psycholinguistic process based on the interaction of linguistic means, cognitive biases, and emotional reactions of the recipient. Based on an analysis of contemporary scientific sources, the main linguistic and psychological mechanisms of manipulative influence in media discourse are characterized, in particular, suggestiveness, framing, appeal to emotions, use of evaluative vocabulary, metaphorization, repetition of messages, and precedent units. It is shown that manipulative strategies are implemented not only through the content of media texts, but also through the specific organization of speech and extra-linguistic components, including visual and non-verbal elements, especially in social networks. Particular attention is paid to the role of the emotional factor and the blocking of critical thinking as key conditions for effective manipulation. It is argued that media manipulation is a systemic phenomenon that encompasses political, religious, military, and everyday discourse, forming distorted cognitive models of perception of reality. The author concludes that it is necessary to develop psycholinguistic literacy and media education as important tools for counteracting manipulative influence and ensuring the informational and psychological security of society.

COMMUNICATION STRATEGIES OF FREEDOM AND JUSTICE: FROM HUMANISM TO POSTHUMANISM

O. V. DOBRODUM — 2025-12-31

The article examines the communication strategies through which the concepts of freedom and justice are constructed and realized during the transitional period from the humanistic to the posthumanistic paradigm. Communication functions not as a neutral channel for transmitting meanings, but as an active field of normative construction: the architectures of communication systems, algorithmic rules, and platform practices shape the conditions of visibility, legitimation, and contestation within which freedom and justice acquire their concrete content. In humanistic discourse, freedom was traditionally understood as the autonomy of the rational subject, and justice as the outcome of procedural equality in dialogue among equals; communication in this context operated as a space of argumentation and mutual recognition. Contemporary digital transformation dismantles these premises: mass platforms, content personalization, and automated moderation practices make visibility and access to audiences the key resources of freedom, while justice becomes a question of transparency and accountability of technical and institutional mechanisms. The posthumanist perspective shifts the focus from individual subjectivity to distributed, hybrid subjectivity in which human and non-human agents (algorithms, bots, interfaces) jointly shape communicative practices. In such conditions, freedom is defined not only by the right to speak but also by algorithmic visibility, speed of dissemination, and persistence of presence in the information field; justice requires procedures that guarantee equal access to distribution channels, the right to explanation of algorithmic decisions, and mechanisms for collective revision of rules. In conclusion, it is emphasized that the reconstruction of freedom and justice in the posthumanist era is possible only by recognizing communication as an active constructor of social and normative order and by developing policies that ensure accountability, inclusivity, and collective participation in shaping the rules of networked interaction.

STRATEGIES OF SPEECH ETIQUETTE IN ENGLISH AND UKRAINIAN: A FUNCTIONAL-PRAGMATIC APPROACH

D. P. ILNITSKYI — 2025-12-31

The article is devoted to a comparative analysis of speech etiquette strategies in English and Ukrainian linguocultural spaces through the application of a functional-pragmatic approach. The study examines compliments, apologies, complaints, and phatic acts as key manifestations of speech etiquette, identifying their pragmatic functions and culturespecific features. The research is theoretically grounded in Austin’s and Searle’s speech act theory as well as Brown and Levinson’s politeness theory, which enables a comparison between positive and negative politeness strategies and outlines the principles of modesty, approval, and generosity in speech behavior. The methodology combines qualitative and quantitative analysis of 200 examples of speech acts drawn from literary texts, business correspondence, and everyday communication, ensuring the reliability and representativeness of the data. The findings reveal that English-speaking linguocultural spaces are characterized by the predominance of negative politeness with indirect and formally distanced expressions, reflecting the individualistic nature of English-speaking culture. Compliments most frequently concern skills and are expressed indirectly; apologies and complaints are formulated in ways that minimize the threat to the interlocutor’s «face», while phatic acts serve primarily to maintain formal contact. In contrast, the Ukrainian linguocultural space demonstrates positive politeness, emotionality, and contextual flexibility. Compliments often focus on appearance and are accompanied by diminutive forms; apologies and complaints bear expressive emotional coloring, and phatic acts foster an atmosphere of closeness and goodwill. The comparative analysis highlights significant linguocultural differences that may lead to intercultural misunderstandings, particularly in business and digital communication. The practical value of the study lies in its contribution to foreign language teaching, translation studies, and intercultural communication. For effective English language instruction among Ukrainian learners, it is important to emphasize the use of indirect, formal expressions, whereas for English-speaking learners of Ukrainian, the focus should be placed on the emotional and expressive markers of communication. In business interaction and translation practice, understanding speech etiquette norms helps to avoid conflicts and misunderstandings while preserving cultural context and social harmony. Future research perspectives include exploring the influence of digital platforms and social media on the transformation of speech etiquette and studying dialectal and regional variations within the Ukrainian language.

SUPPORTING STUDENTS WITH ADHD IN ACADEMIC WRITING: STRATEGIES FOR INCLUSIVE INSTRUCTION

О. H. KOTYS — 2025-12-31

The article explores the academic writing challenges experienced by students with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and identifies effective, research-based strategies for inclusive instruction. Although ADHD has historically been perceived as a condition primarily diagnosed in the United States, contemporary international studies demonstrate its global prevalence, revealing that underrecognition frequently stems from diagnostic inconsistencies, cultural misconceptions, and sociopolitical factors. Recent findings indicate rising ADHD rates among children exposed to armed conflict, underscoring the broader environmental and psychological dimensions of the disorder. The article reviews neurodevelopmental mechanisms underlying ADHD, including dysfunctions in the frontal cortex and impairments in executive functions such as sustained attention, planning, organization, impulse regulation, and working memory. These factors significantly influence students’ performance in written expression. Studies by A. Casas, M. Ferrer, I. Fortea, S. Molitor, J. Langberg and others show that writing difficulties among learners with ADHD arise not from isolated linguistic deficits but from complex interactions between attentional control, executive functioning, and metacognitive processes. Drawing on empirical evidence and more than twenty years of practice, the authors outline pedagogical approaches that support neurodivergent learners in academic writing. Effective strategies include reducing anxiety and perfectionism, using collaborative and time-structured writing activities, segmenting tasks into manageable stages, and employing iterative drafting cycles. Visual scaffolds, templates, graphic organizers, and freewriting techniques enhance clarity, engagement, and confidence. The article also highlights the benefits of integrating supportive digital tools (voice-to-text systems, organizational platforms, color-coding, and focus applications) tailored to students’ cognitive profiles. Emphasis is placed on individualized feedback, goal-setting, and affirming learning environments that prioritize progress over perfection. The authors argue that institutional commitment to universal design for learning, neurodiversity training, and coordinated support services is essential for creating sustainable, inclusive writing instruction. Ultimately, intentional and flexible pedagogical interventions can significantly enhance the academic writing productivity, autonomy, and well-being of students with ADHD.

USING DEEP ZOOM TECHNOLOGY AND OPENSEADRAGON LIBRARY FOR HIGH-DETAIL REPRESENTATION OF UKRAINIAN PAINTING FROM THE LATE 19TH TO EARLY 20TH CENTURY

V. M. KUDLІAK — 2025-12-31

The article is devoted to a comprehensive analysis of the application of Deep Zoom and OpenSeadragon technologies in the context of digital representation of Ukrainian painting of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The historical and cultural factors that determined the high artistic evolution of the period are considered, as well as the technical aspects of creating hierarchical images over resolution. Artists of this period focused on two key areas: depicting the realities of Ukrainian life and understanding the national character through the poeticization of nature and tradition. The historical and cultural context influences the artists' experimentation in texture: thick glazes, pasty strokes, combined techniques – all this creates textural complexity for simple fixation by traditional photography, which emphasizes the importance of highly detailed digital representation. The prospects for the use of digital scaled reproductions in museum work, art historical research, and restoration practice are traced. Special attention is paid to the principles of XML structures of DZI files, tile generation mechanisms, as well as integration with web platforms based on the OpenSeadragon library. Deep Zoom and OpenSeadragon technologies open a new level of representation of Ukrainian painting of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Gigapixel images do not allow analyzing texture, strokes, color and compositional solutions with an accuracy unavailable for standard digital copies. Digitization of cultural heritage ensures preservation, remote access, interactivity and support for scientific research. Integration of the DZI structure with web tools forms the basis for digital museums, educational platforms and innovations in restoration practice.

MODERN LINGUISTIC RESEARCH OF TRANSLATION IN THE CONTEXT OF EUROPEAN AND UKRAINIAN TRENDS: LINGUISTIC, COMMUNICATIVE AND CULTURAL DIMENSIONS

YА. H. MARYANKO — 2025-12-31

The article offers an in-depth exploration of the linguistic, communicative, and cultural aspects of translation in light of contemporary theories and practical approaches. The translator is viewed not merely as a mediator between two linguistic systems, but as an active participant in the dialogue of cultures – responsible for the effective transmission of meanings, values, and stylistic nuances. Particular attention is devoted to linguistic transformations, including lexical, grammatical, and phonostylistic shifts that occur during the translation process. These transformations are presented as essential tools for achieving equivalence and preserving the expressive potential of the source text. At the communicative level, the article examines strategies of adaptation to the target audience’s expectations, the maintence of the original’s pragmatic function, and the negotiation of intercultural differences in the construction of the meaning. The cultural dimension of translation is analyzed through the reproduction of cultural codes and symbols, as well as the transfer of nationally specific elements such as realia, metaphors, idioms, and forms of address. The article argues that translation extends beyond formal substitution and requires deep intercultural competence – the ability to anticipate the target audience’s reception and a keen sensitivity to the dynamics of cultural interaction. The study intergrates insights from linguistics, communication studies, translation theory, and cultural studies. Examples drawn from literary texts, journalistic discourse, and social media illustrate the diverse challenges of translation and the strategies used to overcome them. The findings highlight the necessity of flexible and creative approaches in translation practice, underscoring the translator’s dual role as both interpreter and co-creator of meaning within the globalized communicative space.

PRACTICAL TECHNIQUES FOR EFFICIENT COMPRESSION IN UKRAINIAN-ENGLISH INTERPRETING

I. M. MISHCHUK — 2025-12-31

This article examines the practical use of compression in Ukrainian–English interpreting, highlighting its importance for efficiently conveying essential meaning despite linguistic and cognitive challenges. It outlines key strategies such as omission, summarization, reformulation, and lexical compression, illustrated with examples from various contexts including political, media, legal, and academic settings. The paper discusses challenges like preventing excessive compression and preserving the speaker’s original intent. It also provides training recommendations, emphasizing summarization exercises and corpus-based analysis. Overall, the article underscores that effective compression is crucial for delivering accurate, clear, and efficient interpretations, particularly in fast-paced and demanding environments. The article further delves into the cognitive demands placed on interpreters when employing compression techniques, noting that successful application requires not only linguistic proficiency but also strong memory and quick decisionmaking skills. It emphasizes the importance of understanding cultural nuances and discourse conventions in both Ukrainian and English to ensure that compressed interpretations remain faithful to the original message while being accessible to the target audience. The discussion also touches on the potential risks of compression, such as loss of critical information or unintended shifts in meaning, underscoring the need for careful balance. In addition, the paper advocates for targeted training approaches to enhance interpreters’ compression abilities. It suggests incorporating practical exercises that simulate real-life interpreting scenarios, encouraging interpreters to practice summarization and reformulation under time constraints. The use of corpus-based analysis is recommended to identify common patterns and effective compression strategies in authentic interpreting data. By integrating these methods into interpreter education, the article argues that practitioners can better manage cognitive load and improve overall interpretation quality in Ukrainian–English settings.

THE POWER OF LANGUAGE IN THE WORLD OF BLOCKCHAIN: A SYNERGY OF DIGITAL TOOLS FOR REGULATING GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT

M. V. NADUTENKO — 2025-12-31

This paper explores the deepening convergence of language-powered communication frameworks and blockchain- based financial-technological tools, which together shape global socio-economic evolution. Amid progressive digitalization and hyper-accelerated information flows – conditions drastically heightened by the COVID-19 pandemic – humanity is seeking new means to regulate collective behaviors and market dynamics. While social networks and cutting- edge AI solutions revolutionize the communicative sphere, decentralized mechanisms like blockchain and cryptocurrencies create novel pathways for financial transaction control and governance. We investigate how these factors interact, highlighting the pivotal role of language as the bedrock of societal intelligence, the effects of pandemic-induced digital transformations, and the capacity of blockchain to facilitate or decelerate social progress. We further address emerging dilemmas around free speech, data transparency, and cross-border regulation of AI. Concluding, we propose strategies and guidelines for responsibly harmonizing these disruptive technologies with global ethical, cultural, and regulatory norms. Potential risks and recommendations: unified regulatory boundaries (global coordination is essential to develop common ethical and legal guidelines for AI and blockchain adoption); preservation of cultural and linguistic diversity (policymakers and educational institutions should invest in mother-tongue resources, traditional literature, and humanities programs to safeguard cultural heritage); ensuring data transparency and accountability (cross-border data governance alliances, featuring open auditing protocols, could mitigate clandestine abuses of power); financial and technological literacy (advanced transaction systems and cryptographic platforms must be accessible to the broader public, preventing an extreme knowledge gap that disempowers entire socio-economic groups); futuristic research and ethical oversight boards (policymakers, scientific communities, and global institutions need to collaborate on evaluating the complex interplay of AI, blockchain, and potential biotechtronic fusions).

LINGUISTIC ASPECTS OF NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE OF INVESTIGATORS

І. V. CHARIKOVA — 2025-12-31

The article focuses on the linguistic analysis of the peculiarities of non-verbal communication and its role in the work of an investigator, a topic that is becoming increasingly relevant amid the reform of pre-trial investigation bodies in Ukraine. The aim of the work is a theoretical and empirical study of the linguistic aspects of the investigator’s non-verbal communicative competence, particularly the analysis of verbal and non-verbal speech signals in the course of criminal proceedings. A theoretical analysis of approaches to defining communicative competence, focusing on its linguistic aspects, was conducted, considering the role of non-verbal speech manifestations–intonation, gestures, facial expressions, pauses, and speech rate–in transmitting information and forming interpersonal relationships during investigative actions. The necessity of systematic analysis of non-verbal speech information as a source of primary linguistic information about the identity of the participant in criminal proceedings is substantiated. Using methods of linguistic analysis, surveys, and speech tests, the peculiarities of investigators’ nonverbal speech during the criminal process and their linguistic and nonverbal communicative competence were studied. It was found that most investigators recognize the importance of considering non-verbal speech signals and the need to improve methods for their analysis, but note the insufficient development of forensic approaches to the study of non-verbal speech information. The research results established that most investigators have a high level of general communicative competence and a moderate or high level of perceptive nonverbal competence. At the same time, some specialists experience difficulties in analyzing and verifying non-verbal speech information, which is associated with a low level of development of linguistic skills in this area. Recommendations were developed for improving linguistic approaches to the analysis of investigators’ non-verbal communication, specifically regarding the application of verbal and non-verbal methods to enhance their linguistic and speech competence in criminal proceedings.

SPECIFICITY OF THE CLASSICAL DETECTIVE STORY: SEMANTIC AND STRUCTURAL FEATURES

O. O. BELIAKOV — 2025-12-31

The article examines the specificity of the classical detective story through the lens of its semantic and structural narrative features. The focus is placed on the analysis of the fabula, plot, narration, focalization, frequency of events, and temporal characteristics of the narrative, which together shape the distinctive traits of the detective genre. It has been shown that the classical detective story is characterized by a retrospective presentation of events, the detective’s absence from the crime scene, repetition of key events (kernel events), and the scenic highlighting of the most significant moments. A special role in the structure of the detective story is played by the combination of the protagonist’s analytical thinking and the narrator’s limited, fixed perspective, which ensures both narrative tension and the gradual disclosure of information to the reader.
Using Edgar Allan Poe’s short story «The Murders in the Rue Morgue» as an illustrative example, the article demonstrates how the classical detective narrative organizes its signifying field: some events are repeated, while others are deliberately omitted or concealed, creating an intellectual challenge for the reader and reinforcing the logic of the investigation. The study also outlines the importance of temporal and spatial shifts, careful planning of fabula episodes, and the structuring of events in a way that allows the reader to uncover key details gradually, maintaining engagement and intrigue.
The research shows that the semantic and structural parameters of the detective narrative are closely interconnected and jointly shape its fictional specificity. This interconnectedness enables a complete understanding of the genre conventions of the classical detective story, the principles of constructing intrigue, and the mechanisms of reader–text interaction. The study concludes that the classical detective functions as a highly organized system in which the interplay of a meticulously constructed plot, a restricted narrative viewpoint, and recurrent key events ensures coherence, logicality, and narrative tension.

TRANSLATION OF ENGLISH MILITARY NEWS TEXTS INTO UKRAINIAN

L. K. MALIMON — 2025-12-31

The article deals with the translation of English-language military news texts into Ukrainian. The translation of military texts is a complex process due not only to specific vocabulary and terminology, but also to cultural, political and social aspects that affect the accuracy and comprehensibility of the foreign-language material. Military news texts serve as a tool for exchanging critically important information between military structures, analytical institutions and the public through the media. It is important to take into account the dynamic nature of military vocabulary, which is constantly changing under the influence of technological progress, new types of weapons, warfare tactics and information exchange between the parties of the conflict. The translator should feel these changes subtly and respond to the emergence of new concepts, seeking or creating Ukrainian equivalents while taking into account language norms and professional context. Real examples of the translation of English-language military texts from BBC Military Section, The War Zone, BBC Ukraine and Radio Liberty have been analyzed. It has been found that military news texts often contain: emotionally colored vocabulary that requires stylistic neutralization; euphemisms that hide harsh actions; neologisms associated with the latest technologies and types of weapons. It has been found that effective translation can be achieved by applying different strategies. In some cases, literal translation is effective, in others adaptation, tracing or explanatory translation should be applied. The choice of strategy depends on the desire to maintain accuracy, naturalness and stylistic consistency, which is key to creating a high-quality and professional military translation. Proper translation is of particular importance in the conditions of modern international relations and armed conflicts, in particular in the context of the war in Ukraine.

MEANS OF MEDICAL TERMS TRANSLATION WHILE TEACHING NEW VOCABULARY AT THE PRACTICAL COURSE OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE (WITHIN THE TOPIC “MEDICINE”) FOR FUTURE PHILOLOGISTS

O. O. NAHORNA — 2025-12-31

The article explores effective means of translating medical terminology within the practical English language course for future philologists. It highlights the importance of mastering medical vocabulary as a crucial aspect of professional communication, particularly in translation, interpretation, and cross-cultural interaction in healthcare contexts. Medical terminology poses significant linguistic challenges due to its Latin and Greek origins, polysemy, and contextual specificity. The paper identifies and analyses four main translation methods – literal, calque, descriptive, and transliteration – emphasizing their pedagogical relevance. Choice of strategy correlated strongly with term type: internationalisms and wellestablished borrowings tended to be rendered literally or by established equivalents, multiword lexicalized items often appeared as calques, and highly culture- or system-specific items required descriptive paraphrase. Proper names and Latin anatomical terms frequently received transliterations. It also presents practical strategies for teaching medical terms through contextual learning, comparative analysis, terminological games, and translation practice. Each method is illustrated with examples that foster linguistic accuracy, cross-linguistic awareness, and communicative competence. The integration of translation techniques with communicative activities enhances students’ ability to comprehend and correctly apply specialized terminology in professional and academic settings. Ultimately, the study concludes that teaching medical vocabulary through translation is not only a linguistic exercise but an essential component of professional English training. This integrated approach supports the formation of analytical, cultural, and communicative skills necessary for future philologists to effectively engage with medical discourse in international contexts. Future research should expand to larger cohorts and diverse linguistic backgrounds, conduct longitudinal studies to assess retention, and explore digital corpus tools for translation training.

PHRASEOLOGY IN MODERN ENGLISH-LANGUAGE MEDIA DISCOURSE (AN ANALYSIS OF BBC ARTICLES)

N. A. SALAMIN — 2025-12-31

The article provides an in-depth analysis and systematization of translation methods for phraseological units from English into Ukrainian, based on materials from publications of the influential international online resource BBC News. The relevance of the chosen topic is determined by the significant role of media communication in the modern world, the rapid growth of international information exchange, and the need for high-quality, culturally adequate translation of news texts. BBC News was selected as an exemplary source of English-language media, characterized by rich stylistic variation and active use of idiomatic expressions to achieve pragmatic effect. Special attention is given to the functional features of phraseological units in media texts, particularly their ability to convey evaluation and add emotional colouring to the message. The study examines in detail how phraseological units influence the emotional tone of a news story, its stylistic expressiveness, and the reader’s perception–factors that are critically important in contemporary media dynamics and the fast circulation of information. The principal methods of translating phraseological units identified in the analysed corpus are examined and classified. Among them, the key strategies highlighted include calquing, synonymic substitution, descriptive translation, and emotional-expressive adaptation. The article provides a number of concrete examples of phraseological units drawn from media texts covering significant wartime and political events. These examples illustrate typical challenges faced by translators, such as preserving imagery, dealing with contextual polysemy, and conveying allusions and cultural references. The study concludes that the effective translation of phraseological units in today’s media space is a multifaceted task that requires from the translator not only high linguistic competence and excellent command of both languages. It also demands a creative approach, deep cultural awareness, and the ability to promptly adapt English expressions to Ukrainian realities and stylistic norms. The ultimate goal is to preserve the communicative power of the original text, its stylistic specificity, and to achieve maximum translation adequacy, contributing to more precise and emotionally rich communication of international events to Ukrainian readers.